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Chronicle of the Second World War, Part 10: Japanese internment in t   Message List  
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Shortly after the attack on Pearl Harbor, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the Emergency Ordinance number 9066, which gives military commanders authority to establish all over the U.S. military zones and evict therefrom any citizen. The decree, whose action was not aimed at one specific group, was used for the internment of 110,000 persons of Japanese ancestry, both U.S. citizens and foreigners alike. In March 1942, Lt. Gen. John L. DeWitt has established an extensive area along the west coast of eviction and demanded that all citizens of Japanese descent were in the collection centers. Thousands of people were forced to close their businesses, leaving the farm, home and move to internment camps, also known as centers of motion. Some detainees have been repatriated to Japan, while others moved to the U.S. to areas that were out of eviction, or enlist in the service of the U.S. Army, but most Japanese people simply accept their internment. In January 1944, the Supreme Court's decision unwarranted detention of citizens were suspended. The decree of expulsion was revoked, and the Japanese left the camps to return to his former life. The last movement of the center was closed in 1946, and by the end of the twentieth century, the U.S. government paid the detainees and their heirs in compensation of about $ 1.6 billion. (45 photos) (See all articles in this series , "Chronicles of the World" )

Japanese internment in the U.S.
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The soldier and his mother are in the strawberry field near Florin, Calif., May 11, 1942. 23-year-old Japanese man volunteered for military service July 10, 1941, and served on the basis «Camp Leonard Wood» in Missouri. Soldier sent on leave, so he helped his family get ready to move. He was the youngest of six children, two of whom volunteered in the U.S. Army. His 53-year-old mother came from Japan 37 years ago. Her husband died 21 years ago, and she brought one of six children. The woman worked in a factory for the production of baskets of strawberries, while her children are not rented 3 acres of strawberry fields, "so she did not have to work for someone else." (NARA)

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Tom Kobayashi is in the field of Japanese internment camp 'Manzanar' at the foot of the Sierra Nevada Mountains in Owens Valley, California, 1943. The famous photographer Ansel Adams visited the "Manzanar" in 1943 to photograph the center and move the internment of Japanese living here. (Ansel Adams / LOC)

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Shop owned by a man of Japanese descent, was closed after the issuance of a decree of eviction in Oakland, California, April 1942.After the attack on Pearl Harbor, the owner of the store posted a sign on the windows, "I am an American." (AP Photo / Dorothea Lange)

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Two men in civilian dress (left) watch as the police deduce the Japanese from their homes on the island of Terminal Island in Los Angeles, California, February 3, 1942. On the morning of February 2, 1942 180 federal, city and county police evicted about 400 Japanese living on the island of Terminal Island. (AP Photo / Ira W. Guldner)

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Notice of eviction of citizens of Japanese descent are hanging on a brick wall on a street in San Francisco, California. April 1, 1942 Lieutenant General JL DeWitt ordered the internment of Japanese from the area and directed the eviction until April 7, 1942. (NARA)

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The Japanese stand in line to the center of civil control, located in the building of a human rights organization «Japanese American Citizens League» San Francisco, California, April 25, 1925. (NARA)

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These pictures are a perfect illustration of how empty the local school after the internment of Japanese from Seattle, Wash., March 27, 1942. In the photo above: a crowded class of students whom many Japanese children. In the photo below: to the same class after the internment of Japanese. (AP Photo)

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Farmhouse in the countryside in Mountain View, California, where farmers cultivated the Japanese orchard crops for sale on the market. Residents of this and other areas were evicted military centers of displacement. (NARA)

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Many of the displaced children went to public school Raphael Weill Public School in San Francisco, California. Among them was Rachel Karume, photographed in 1942. (NARA)

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Farewell letter hanging in the window «TZ Shiota» just before eviction of residents of Japanese ancestry in April 1942. The last paragraph reads: "Now, at the time of internment, when the innocent suffer along with the wicked, we say goodbye to you, our dear friends, is a quote from Shakespeare:" Parting - a sweet sadness. " (NARA)

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Friends play a final game, waiting for resettlement in San Francisco, California, 1942. (NARA)

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Type of business district in the street Post Street in San Francisco, populated by residents of Japanese ancestry, in 1942. (NARA)

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Persons of Japanese ancestry from the San Pedro, California, arriving at the center of the collection, "Santa Anita" in Arcadia, California, 1942. Interniruemye the Japanese were at the center until the move to move. (NARA)

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Relocation of the Japanese from a collection point in military centers movement in 1942. (LOC)

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The Japanese are vaccinated on arrival at the collection center in Arcadia, California, 1942. (NARA)

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Japanese farmer and his daughter admired by strawberry farm on the island of Bainbridge Island in Washington, where they will soon have to leave, 23 March 1942. (LOC)

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Crowds of people came to see the mass eviction of the Japanese from Bainbridge Island in Washington Island, March 30, 1942.About 225 men, women and children were sent to a California internment camps of Japanese on the ferries, buses and trains. (AP Photo)

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The bus was carrying the citizens of Japanese descent in the military center of the movement «Colorado River», stuck in the sand near Poston, Arizona, 1942. (NARA)

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Relocated the Japanese were not allowed to use their cars to move the military centers. Cars, transported to the camp "Manzanar," had been confiscated during the war. This photo was taken April 2, 1942. (NARA)

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Hippodrome «Santa Anita Park» was converted into a Japanese internment camp, which will live in the barracks (in background) in Arcadia, California. The photo was taken April 3, 1942. (AP Photo)

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Interniruemye the Japanese are looking for their luggage at the center of the collection in Salinas, Calif., before moving to the center of military movement in 1942. (NARA)

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Japanese evicted from Los Angeles to move the center of "Manzanar," stand in line for a meal on arrival in camp, on March 23, 1942. The menu included rice, beans, plums, and bread. (AP Photo)

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Photos and souvenirs are on the radio in the house in the center Yonemitsu move the "Manzanar," 1943. (Ansel Adams / LOC)

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Women pose for photographers near the barber shop in the center of the movement «Tule Lake» in Newell, California. The photo was taken in 1942 or 1943. (LOC)

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View of the center displacement «Tule Lake» in Newell, California. The photo was taken in 1942 or 1943. (LOC)

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The Japanese are working on a farm in the middle movement «Tule Lake» in Newell, California. The photo was taken in 1942 or 1943. (LOC)

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Portraits of the Japanese internment, taken by photographer Ansel Adams in the center of resettlement, "Manzanar" in 1943.Clockwise from top left: Mrs. Kay Kageyama, Toyo Miyatake (photographer), Miss Tetsuko Murakami, Nakashima Mori, Joyce Yuki Nakamura, Corporal Jimmy Sohar, Aiko Hamaguchi (a nurse) and Yoshio Muramoto (electrician). The camp "Manzanar" lived more than 10 thousand Japanese. (Ansel Adams / LOC)

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Japanese boys, interned in Sacramento, California, reading comics near the newsstand in the center of the resettlement «Tule Lake» in Newell, California, July 1, 1942. (NARA)

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Interned Japanese women make camouflage nets for the War Department in the center of resettlement, "Manzanar" in California, July 1, 1942. (NARA)

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Dust storm in center relocation "Manzanar" in California, July 3, 1942. (Dorothea Lange / NARA)

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48 Japanese from the center of movement «Granada», which is located near Lamar, Colorado, sent to the medical examination for military service, 22 February 1944. (AP Photo)

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Semi-automatic potato farmers manage to move the field in the center «Tule Lake» in Newell, California, July 1, 1945. (NARA)

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A reporter of a newspaper photograph of San Francisco harvest potatoes in the center of movement «Tule Lake», May 26, 1943.(NARA)

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Type the center move the "Manzanar" in California, the winter of 1943. (Ansel Adams / LOC)

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Artist CT Hibino paints in the middle movement of "Manzanar," 1943. (Ansel Adams / LOC)

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Gymnastics at the center of movement, "Manzanar," 1943. (Ansel Adams / LOC)

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Japanese internees from Los Angeles, attend dance in the center of Mixing Capacity "Manzanar," March 23, 1942. (AP Photo)

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Interned Japanese Sumo bout looking at the center of movement «Santa Anita», California. (LOC)

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Children play with their models of huts in a kindergarten in the center of movement «Tule Lake» in Newell, California, September 11, 1942. (NARA)

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The funeral of James Vacas in the middle movement of "Topaz", Utah, April 19, 1943. Military police shot and killed James Vacas near the fence of barbed wire. Interned Japanese demanded a public funeral at the place where he was shot Vacas. The soldier shot the Vacas, appeared before a military court and was acquitted. (NARA)

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When the decree on resettlement of persons of Japanese ancestry was revoked, people began to return home, and began to close the camp. In the photo: Shuichi Yamamoto latest move leaves the center «Granada» in Amache, Colorado, and bids farewell to its director, James G. Lindley. The camp was officially closed October 15, 1945. 65-year-old Mr. Yamamoto came home in Marysville, California. (NARA)

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About 450 Japanese who spent more than three years in the military center of the movement «Rohwer» in McGhee, Arkansas, returned home to California on a special train of seven coaches, 30 July 1945. (Hikaru Iwasaki / LOC)

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The Japanese are behind a barbed wire fence and waving goodbye to friends who are leaving by train from the camp of «Santa Anita» in California. (LOC)

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Japanese family returned to his home in Seattle, Washington, from the center moving in Hunt, Idaho. The windows of their house and garage were broken by hooligans, and the walls - inscribed with anti-Japanese slogans. (AP Photo)

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The Japanese move from the center of «Poston» in Arizona are at the departure station, where they were given food rations and bus tickets, in September 1945. (NARA)



Thu Nov 10, 2011 4:17 pm

mohroslan
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Message #45416 of 52055 |
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Shortly after the attack on Pearl Harbor, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the Emergency Ordinance number 9066, which gives military commanders authority...
roslan mohd
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Nov 12, 2011
3:02 am
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